0 Madalaivala a chipangizo ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwadongosolo. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri a PC (ngakhale omwe amadziona kuti ndi otsogola) samamvetsetsa bwino ntchito ya dalaivala mu dongosolo, ntchito zake, mitundu, ndi zina zotero.
Cholemba ichi ndichidule chachidule chosagwiritsa ntchito mwaukadaulo chomwe chimafotokoza momwe madalaivala amagwirira ntchito komanso chifukwa chake ali ofunikira. Upangiri woterewu udzakhala wothandiza kwa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito PC yemwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chake kuti chizigwira bwino ntchito.
Kodi Driver Device ndi chiyani?
Malinga ndi Wikipedia , driver ndi pulogalamu yapakompyuta yomwe imagwira ntchito kapena kuwongolera chida china chomwe chimalumikizidwa pakompyuta.
Mwachidule, dalaivala ndi pulogalamu yomwe imagwirizanitsa hardware ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito. Kudzera pa dalaivala, kernel ya PC imalumikizidwa ndi zinthu za Hardware. Kunena zoona, popanda madalaivala adongosolo, zotsatirazi sizingachitike:
- Kusindikiza tsamba la malemba;
- Kusewera fayilo ya MP3 (kachitidwe kamagwiritsa ntchito madalaivala amawu kumasulira binary akhoza kukhala MP3);
- Kugwiritsa ntchito kiyibodi, vidiyo khadi, mbewa, etc.
Cholinga cha a dalaivala wa chipangizo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti hardware idzalumikizidwa bwino ndi mtundu uliwonse wa opaleshoni.
Kodi Dalaivala Amagwira Ntchito Motani?
Njira yabwino yoganizira madalaivala ndikuwawona ngati oyimira pakati pa pulogalamu pa PC ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa. Paokha, mapulogalamu ndi hardware sizigwirizana konse - mwaukadaulo, amalankhula zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana.
Kupyolera mwa madalaivala, komabe, kugwirizana pakati pa awiriwa ndi kotheka. Zimapanga ndondomeko yolumikizirana ndi mawonekedwe, motero zimathandizira kuyanjana kwa mapulogalamu onse. Zotsatira za dalaivala wadongosolo ndizopambana - popanda izo, kupanga ndi kuyendetsa mapulogalamu sikungakhale kosatheka.
Kernel vs Madalaivala Ogwiritsa Ntchito - Pali Kusiyana Kotani?
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madalaivala a chipangizo - awo a boardboard, BIOS, zida zenizeni, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu - kernel ndi ma driver mode. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa awiriwa? Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane ndikuyesera kusiyanitsa:
Madalaivala a Kernel
Madalaivala a Kernel amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza makina ogwiritsira ntchito kukumbukira. Popeza pali malire kwa madalaivala a Kernel dongosolo limatha kuthamanga nthawi imodzi chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kwa CPU komanso kukhudzidwa kwamakina, zida za Kernel mode nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa ntchito zodalirika zapakompyuta. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyendetsa BIOS, bolodi la amayi, purosesa, ndi zina zotero.
Wogwiritsa ntchito PC ayenera kukumbukira kuti kuwonongeka kwa dalaivala wa kernel kumatha kupha dongosolo ndikuwononga PC yonse.
Madalaivala Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Dalaivala wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wogwiritsa ntchito PC ayambitsa vuto lomwe chida chatsopano (osati chochokera ku kernel) chimalumikizidwa ndi kompyuta. Izi zikuphatikizapo zipangizo zambiri zamapulagi-ndi-play - osindikiza, makibodi, maikolofoni, etc. Mosiyana ndi dalaivala wa kernel, wogwiritsa ntchito alibe mwayi wopita ku hardware - dalaivala amagwirizana ndi zinthu zonse za hardware kudzera mu API ya dongosolo.
Uthenga wabwino wokhudza madalaivala ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuti kuwonongeka kwawo sikungapha. Dongosolo litha kubwezeretsedwanso dalaivala atasiya kuyankha.
Kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwa madalaivala a ogwiritsa ntchito, mutha kuwalembera ku diski. Chokhacho chokha pakuchita izi ndi madalaivala amasewera omwe ndi abwino kusungidwa mu RAM.
Mitundu Ina Yamadalaivala
Palinso magulu ena a oyendetsa kutengera zolinga zawo ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Mu chipika ichi, mupeza za mitundu yayikulu ya madalaivala a zida ndi kusiyana pakati pawo.
Block vs Makhalidwe
Madalaivala onse a block ndi zilembo amagwiritsidwa ntchito powerenga ndi kulemba deta. Kutengera ndikugwiritsa ntchito, ma USB, ma hard disks ndi ma CD-ROM amatha kugawidwa ngati imodzi kapena imzake.
Oyendetsa khalidwe lembani chidziwitso chimodzi chofanana ndi chidziwitso chambiri panthawi imodzi. Lamulo la chala chachikulu ndikuti chipangizo chilichonse cholumikizidwa ndi doko la serial chimagwiritsa ntchito driver driver. Mtundu uwu umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamabasi ambiri. Mbewa, ngati chipangizo chosawerengeka, ndi chitsanzo cholimba chogwiritsa ntchito madalaivala amtundu.
Tsekani oyendetsa , kumbali ina, amatha kuwerenga ndi kulemba zilembo zingapo panthawi imodzi. Dzina la mtunduwo limachokera ku chitsanzo chake chogwiritsira ntchito. Dalaivala wa block amagwira ntchito popanga chipika ndikuchidzaza ndi data yochuluka momwe angathere. Mtundu woterewu wa dalaivala wa chipangizocho umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi hard disk kapena CD-ROM (yotsirizira, komabe, imafuna kernel kuti iwonetse ngati chipangizocho chikulumikizidwa ndi PC nthawi iliyonse ikafunsidwa ndi pulogalamu iliyonse).
Madalaivala a zida za Virtual
Madalaivala a zida zamagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mapulogalamu otsanzira. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zamtunduwu ndi monga malo oyesera kapena VPN. Kuti muthe kuyendetsa emulator, dongosolo lingafunike kupanga khadi la intaneti - kuti achite izi, dalaivala amafunika. Ndipamene dalaivala wa chipangizocho amafunikira kuti awonetsetse kuti emulator imagwira ntchito bwino, yambitsani intaneti, ndi zina zotero.
Generic vs Wopanga Zida Zoyambirira
Kusiyanitsa kwina kojambula pakati pa madalaivala a zida ndikuzindikira kuti ndi generic kapena OEM (opanga zida zoyambira) -okhudzana.
Dalaivala aliyense wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito, ndizotheka konse, generic . Zogwirizana ndi OEM zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osindikiza mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana kapena ndizokhazikika pa chipangizo china.
Windows 10, mwachitsanzo, imayenda pogwiritsa ntchito madalaivala a generic.
Komabe, ngati palibe dalaivala wanthawi zonse wa zida zinazake zolumikizidwa ndi PC, wopanga adzapanga eni ake omwe azikhala. Zogwirizana ndi OEM . Wogwiritsa amayenera kuyika madalaivala awa pamanja atalumikiza zida ndi chipangizo.
Zofala m'zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, madalaivala a OEM akukhala osowa tsopano popeza ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito omwe adamangidwa.
Kasamalidwe ka oyendetsa chipangizo
Tsopano popeza mukudziwa zambiri za madalaivala, mutha kudabwa komwe mungawone mndandanda wa madalaivala onse omwe amayendetsa magwiridwe antchito awo komanso machitidwe awo. Zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa zitha kuwonedwa mu Device Manager, zomwe zimapezeka m'mitundu yonse ya Windows. Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chowongolera kapena kusintha madalaivala monga iwo kawirikawiri anaika basi.
Komabe, kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito madalaivala aposachedwa a zida zonse, musaiwale kuyang'ana Windows Update Manager kamodzi pakapita kanthawi. Kusintha madalaivala ndi a wogwiritsa ntchito, osati udindo wa wopanga.
Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti, pali zida zambiri zosinthira madalaivala pamsika. Adzayang'ana pa intaneti kuti apeze matembenuzidwe atsopano ndikuwayika okha. Kumbukirani kuti zosintha za driver ndi nthawi zonse mfulu . Aliyense amene angakuuzeni kuti mulipire mtundu watsopano, ndiye kuti akuphwanyidwa. Samalani zachinyengo zofananira ndikuzipewa.
Mapeto
Madalaivala azipangizo amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri zikafika pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kulumikizana koyenera kwa software-hardware. Kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya madalaivala komanso maziko a kasamalidwe kawo kudzakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro ngati wogwiritsa ntchito PC ndikukutetezani kuti musamachite chinyengo ndi omwe akuukira.
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