Kodi Fayilo System Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni? [KUFOTOKOZA]

Mafayilo onse pamakina anu amasungidwa pa hard drive kapena zida zina zosungira. Dongosolo ndi lofunika kusungira mafayilowa mwadongosolo. Izi ndi zomwe file system imachita. Dongosolo lamafayilo ndi njira yolekanitsira zomwe zili pagalimoto ndikuzisunga ngati mafayilo osiyana. Zonse zokhudza fayilo - dzina lake, mtundu wake, zilolezo, ndi zina zomwe zimasungidwa mu fayilo. Fayilo imasunga chilolezo cha malo a fayilo iliyonse. Mwanjira iyi, makina ogwiritsira ntchito sayenera kudutsa disk yonse kuti apeze fayilo.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafayilo. Makina anu ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mafayilo amafayilo ayenera kugwirizana. Pokhapokha pomwe OS azitha kuwonetsa zomwe zili mufayilo ndikuchita zina pa mafayilo. Apo ayi, simudzatha kugwiritsa ntchito fayiloyi. Kukonzekera kumodzi kungakhale kukhazikitsa dalaivala wa fayilo kuti athandizire dongosolo la mafayilo.

Zamkatimu[ kubisa ]

• Kodi Fayilo System Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni?
• Chifukwa chake pali mafayilo ochuluka
• Mafayilo amachitidwe - mawonekedwe atsatanetsatane
• Common file systems
• 1. NTFS
• 2. MAFUTA
• Kodi mungasinthe pakati pa mafayilo amafayilo?

Kodi Fayilo System Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Dongosolo lamafayilo silina kanthu koma nkhokwe yomwe imauza komwe kuli deta pa chipangizo chosungira. Mafayilo amasanjidwa kukhala mafoda omwe amatchedwanso ma directory. Chikwatu chilichonse chimakhala ndi kalozera kakang'ono kamodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimasunga mafayilo omwe amasanjidwa motengera zina.

Pomwe pali data pakompyuta, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi fayilo. Chifukwa chake, makompyuta onse ali ndi fayilo yamafayilo.

Chifukwa chake pali mafayilo ochuluka

Pali mitundu yambiri yamafayilo. Amasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga momwe amapangira deta, liwiro, zina zowonjezera, ndi zina ... Mafayilo ena ali oyenerera kwambiri ma drive omwe amasunga deta pang'ono pamene ena ali ndi mphamvu zothandizira deta yambiri. Mafayilo ena ndi otetezeka kwambiri. Ngati mafayilo amafayilo ali otetezeka komanso olimba, mwina sangakhale othamanga kwambiri. Zingakhale zovuta kupeza zonse zabwino kwambiri mu fayilo imodzi.

Choncho, sikungakhale kwanzeru kupeza ‘mafayilo abwino kwambiri.’ Fayilo iliyonse imapangidwira cholinga chosiyana ndipo motero imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Pomwe akupanga makina ogwiritsira ntchito, omangawo amagwiranso ntchito pomanga fayilo ya OS. Microsoft, Apple, ndi Linux ali ndi mafayilo awoawo. Ndikosavuta kukulitsa mawonekedwe atsopano a fayilo ku chipangizo chosungira chachikulu. Mafayilo akusintha ndipo motero mafayilo atsopano amawonetsa bwino kuposa akale.

Kupanga fayilo yamafayilo si ntchito yosavuta. Kafukufuku wambiri ndi mutu amapita mmenemo. Dongosolo lamafayilo limatanthawuza momwe metadata imasungidwira, momwe mafayilo amasanjidwira ndikuwongolera, ndi zina zambiri. Pali njira zingapo zochitira zimenezi. Choncho, ndi dongosolo lililonse la mafayilo, nthawi zonse pali malo okonzekera - njira yabwino kapena yowonjezereka yochitira zinthu zokhudzana ndi kusunga mafayilo.

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Mafayilo amachitidwe - mawonekedwe atsatanetsatane

Tsopano tiyeni tilowe mozama kuti timvetsetse momwe mafayilo amafayilo amagwirira ntchito. Chida chosungira chimagawidwa m'magawo otchedwa magawo. Mafayilo onse amasungidwa m'magawo awa. Fayilo imazindikira kukula kwa fayilo ndikuyiyika pamalo abwino pa chipangizo chosungira. Magawo aulere amalembedwa kuti ‘osagwiritsidwa ntchito.’ Mafayilo amazindikiritsa magawo omwe ali aulere ndipo amapereka mafayilo kumagulu awa.

Pambuyo pa nthawi inayake, pamene ntchito zambiri zowerengera ndi kulemba zachitidwa, chipangizo chosungirako chimakhala ndi ndondomeko yotchedwa fragmentation. Izi sizingapewedwe koma ziyenera kufufuzidwa, kuti zisungidwe bwino za dongosolo. Defragmentation ndi njira yosinthira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kugawikana. Zida zaulere za defragmentation zilipo zomwezo.

Kupanga mafayilo kukhala maulalo ndi mafoda kumathandizira kuthetsa kusamvana kwa mayina. Popanda zikwatu, sizingatheke kukhala ndi mafayilo awiri okhala ndi dzina lomwelo. Kusaka ndi kubweza mafayilo kumakhala kosavuta pamalo okonzekera.

Fayilo imasunga zidziwitso zofunika pa fayilo - dzina la fayilo, kukula kwa fayilo, malo a fayilo, kukula kwa gawo, chikwatu chomwe ili, tsatanetsatane wa zidutswa, ndi zina zambiri.

Common file systems

1. NTFS

NTFS imayimira New Technology File System. Microsoft inayambitsa dongosolo la mafayilo m'chaka cha 1993. Mawindo ambiri a Windows OS - Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, ndi Windows 10 amagwiritsa ntchito NTFS.

Kuwona ngati drive idapangidwa ngati NTFS

Musanakhazikitse dongosolo la fayilo pagalimoto, liyenera kusinthidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo la galimotoyo limasankhidwa ndipo zonse zomwe zili pamenepo zimachotsedwa kuti mafayilo apangidwe. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungayang'anire ngati hard drive yanu ikugwiritsa ntchito NTFS kapena mafayilo ena aliwonse.

• Ngati mutsegula 'Disk Management' mu Windows (yomwe imapezeka mu Control Panel), mutha kupeza kuti fayilo imatchulidwa ndi zina zowonjezera pagalimoto.
• Kapena, mutha kudinanso kumanja pagalimoto molunjika kuchokera ku Windows Explorer. Pitani ku menyu yotsikira pansi ndikusankha ‘katundu.’ Mudzapeza mtundu wamafayilo otchulidwa pamenepo.

Mawonekedwe a NTFS

NTFS imatha kuthandizira ma hard drive akulu akulu - mpaka 16 EB. Mafayilo amtundu uliwonse mpaka 256 TB amatha kusungidwa.

Pali mbali yotchedwa Kusinthana kwa NTFS . Mapulogalamu opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito izi mwina salephera kwathunthu kapena amapambana kwathunthu. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zosintha zina zikugwira ntchito bwino pomwe zosintha zina sizikugwira ntchito. Kugulitsa kulikonse kochitidwa ndi wopanga ndi atomiki.

NTFS ili ndi mawonekedwe otchedwa Volume Shadow Copy Service . Os ndi zida zina zosunga zobwezeretsera mapulogalamu zimagwiritsa ntchito gawoli kusunga mafayilo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano.

NTFS ikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati fayilo yolemba zolemba. Kusintha kwadongosolo kusanachitike, mbiri yake imapangidwa mu chipika. Ngati kusintha kwatsopano kungapangitse kulephera kusanachitike, chipikacho chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kubwerera ku chikhalidwe cham'mbuyomo.

EFS - Encryption File System ndi gawo lomwe kubisa kumaperekedwa kwa mafayilo ndi zikwatu.

Mu NTFS, woyang'anira ali ndi ufulu woyika magawo ogwiritsira ntchito disk. Izi zidzaonetsetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito onse ali ndi mwayi wofanana wosungirako malo omwe amagawana nawo ndipo palibe wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe amatenga malo ochuluka kwambiri pa intaneti.

2. MAFUTA

FAT imayimira File Allocation Table. Microsoft idapanga mafayilo amafayilo mchaka cha 1977. FAT idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu MS-DOS ndi mitundu ina yakale ya Windows OS. Masiku ano, NTFS ndiye fayilo yayikulu mu Windows OS. Komabe, FAT ikadali yothandizidwa.

FAT yasintha ndi nthawi, kuti ithandizire ma hard drive okhala ndi mafayilo akulu akulu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya FAT File System

FAT12

Choyambitsidwa mu 1980, FAT12 idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Microsoft Oss mpaka MS-DOS 4.0. Ma floppy disks akugwiritsabe ntchito FAT12. Mu FAT12, mayina amafayilo sangadutse zilembo 8 pomwe pakuwonjezera, malire ndi zilembo zitatu. Mafayilo ambiri ofunikira omwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano, adayambitsidwa koyamba mu FAT iyi - label label, zobisika, dongosolo, kuwerenga kokha.

FAT16

16-bit File Allocation Table idatulutsidwa koyamba mu 1984 ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina a DOS mpaka mtundu wa 6.22.

Mtengo wa FAT32

Adayambitsidwa mu 1996, ndiye mtundu waposachedwa wa FAT. Imatha kuthandizira ma drive a 2TB (komanso mpaka 16 KB yokhala ndi masango a 64 KB).

Mtengo wa ExFAT

EXFAT imayimira Table Extended File Allocation Table. Apanso, opangidwa ndi Microsoft ndipo adayambitsidwa mu 2006, izi sizingaganizidwe ngati mtundu wotsatira wa FAT. Amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zam'manja - zoyendetsa, makadi a SDHC, ndi zina… Mafayilo ofikira 2,796,202 amatha kusungidwa pamndandanda uliwonse ndipo mayina amafayilo amatha kukhala ndi zilembo 255.

Mafayilo ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi

• HFS +
• Btrfs
• Sinthani
• Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 (makina a Linux)
• UDF
• GFS

Kodi mungasinthe pakati pa mafayilo amafayilo?

Gawo la drive limapangidwa ndi fayilo inayake. Kutembenuza magawowa kukhala mtundu wina wa fayilo kungakhale kotheka koma osalangizidwa. Ndi njira yabwino kutengera zofunika deta kuchokera kugawa kwa chipangizo china.

Alangizidwa: Kodi Manager Device ndi chiyani?

Zina monga kubisa mafayilo, ma disk quotas, chilolezo cha chinthu, kuponderezedwa kwa fayilo, ndi mawonekedwe a fayilo omwe ali ndi indexed amapezeka mu NTFS. Makhalidwe awa samathandizidwa mu FAT. Chifukwa chake, kusinthana pakati pamafayilo ngati awa kumabweretsa zoopsa zina. Ngati fayilo yobisidwa kuchokera ku NTFS itayikidwa pamalo opangidwa ndi FAT, fayiloyo ilibenso kubisa. Imataya zoletsa zake zolowera ndipo imatha kupezeka ndi aliyense. Mofananamo, fayilo yoponderezedwa kuchokera ku voliyumu ya NTFS idzatsitsidwa yokha ikayikidwa mumtundu wa FAT.

Mwachidule

• Dongosolo la mafayilo ndi malo osungira mafayilo ndi mawonekedwe a fayilo. Ndi njira yosinthira mafayilo amachitidwe. Izi zimathandiza OS pakusaka mafayilo ndikupezanso.
• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafayilo. Os iliyonse ili ndi fayilo yakeyake yomwe imabwera isanakhazikitsidwe ndi OS.
• Kusintha pakati pa machitidwe a fayilo ndikotheka. Komabe, ngati mawonekedwe a fayilo yapitayi sakuthandizidwa mudongosolo latsopano, mafayilo onse amataya mawonekedwe akale. Choncho, si bwino.

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