Miyezo ya Wi-Fi Yofotokozedwa: 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a

Onse ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti amakono amadziwa mawu akuti Wi-Fi. Ndi njira yolumikizira intaneti popanda zingwe. Wi-Fi ndi chizindikiro cha Wi-Fi Alliance. Bungweli liri ndi udindo wotsimikizira zinthu za Wi-Fi ngati zikwaniritsa 802.11 mfundo zopanda zingwe zokhazikitsidwa ndi IEEE. Kodi miyezo imeneyi ndi yotani? Iwo kwenikweni ndi mndandanda wazomwe zimapitilira kukula pomwe ma frequency atsopano akupezeka. Ndi mulingo uliwonse watsopano, cholinga chake ndikukweza kutulutsa ndi kusiyanasiyana opanda zingwe.

Mutha kukumana ndi miyezo iyi ngati mukufuna kugula zida zatsopano zolumikizirana opanda zingwe. Pali mulu wa miyezo yosiyana iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu zake. Chifukwa chakuti muyezo watsopano watulutsidwa sizikutanthauza kuti umapezeka nthawi yomweyo kwa ogula kapena muyenera kusinthana nawo. Muyezo woti musankhe umadalira zomwe mukufuna.

Ogula nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti mayina amtunduwo ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa. Izi ndichifukwa cha dongosolo la mayina lomwe IEEE idatengera. Posachedwapa (mu 2018), Wi-Fi Alliance inali ndi cholinga chopanga mayina kuti akhale osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, tsopano abwera ndi manambala osavuta kumva wamba/mabaibulo. Mayina osavuta, komabe, amangotsatira miyezo yaposachedwa. Ndipo, IEEE imatchulabe miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito chiwembu chakale. Chifukwa chake, ndi lingaliro labwino kudziwanso dongosolo la mayina la IEEE.

Zamkatimu[ kubisa ]

• Miyezo ya Wi-Fi Yofotokozedwa: 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a
• 802.11 ndi chiyani?
• 1. 802.11b
• 2. 802.11a
• 3. 802.11g
• 4. 802.11n
• 5. 802.11ac
• Miyezo ina ya Wi-Fi
• 1.802.11ad
• 2. 802.11ah
• 3. 802.11aj
• 4.802.11ak
• 5.802.11ay
• 6. 802.11ax

Miyezo ya Wi-Fi Yofotokozedwa: 802.11ac, 802.11b/g/n, 802.11a

Miyezo yaposachedwa ya Wi-Fi ndi 802.11n, 802.11ac, ndi 802.11ax. Mayinawa amatha kusokoneza wogwiritsa ntchito mosavuta. Choncho, mayina operekedwa ku miyezo imeneyi ndi Wi-Fi Alliance ndi - Wi-Fi 4, Wi-Fi 5, ndi W-Fi 6. Mutha kuona kuti miyezo yonse ili ndi '802.11' mwa iwo.

802.11 ndi chiyani?

802.11 ikhoza kutengedwa ngati maziko oyambira pomwe zida zina zonse zopanda zingwe zidapangidwira. 802.11 inali yoyamba WLAN muyezo. Idapangidwa ndi IEEE mu 1997. Inali ndi mamita 66 amkati mkati ndi mamita 330 kunja. Zopanda zingwe za 802.11 sizimapangidwanso chifukwa cha bandwidth yake yotsika (pafupifupi 2 Mbps). Komabe, miyezo ina yambiri idamangidwa mozungulira 802.11.

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone momwe miyezo ya Wi-Fi yasinthira kuyambira pomwe WLAN yoyamba idapangidwa. Zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa ndizosiyana siyana za Wi-Fi zomwe zidayamba kuyambira 802.11, motsatira nthawi.

1. 802.11b

Ngakhale 802.11 inali mulingo woyamba wa WLAN, inali 802.11b yomwe idapangitsa Wi-Fi kutchuka. Zaka 2 pambuyo pa 802.11, mu September 1999, 802.11b inatulutsidwa. Ngakhale idagwiritsabe ntchito ma frequency a wailesi a 802.11 (pafupifupi 2.4 GHz), liwiro lidakwera kuchokera ku 2 Mbps kupita ku 11 Mbps. Uku kunali liwiro longoyerekeza. M'malo mwake, bandwidth yomwe ikuyembekezeka inali 5.9 Mbps (ya TCP ) ndi 7.1 Mbps (kwa UDP ). Sikuti ndi yakale kwambiri komanso ili ndi liwiro locheperapo pakati pa miyezo yonse. 802.11b inali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 150 mapazi.

Popeza imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi mosavomerezeka, zida zina zapakhomo pamtundu wa 2.4 GHz (monga ma uvuni ndi mafoni opanda zingwe) zitha kuyambitsa kusokoneza. Vutoli linapewedwa poika zidazo patali ndi zida zomwe zitha kusokoneza. 802.11b ndi muyezo wake wotsatira 802.11a zonse zidavomerezedwa nthawi imodzi, koma zinali 802.11b zomwe zidagunda misika poyamba.

2. 802.11a

802.11a idapangidwa nthawi yomweyo 802.11b. Matekinoloje awiriwa anali osagwirizana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa ma frequency. 802.11a imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi 5GHz yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Choncho, mwayi wosokoneza unachepetsedwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwafupipafupi, zida za 802.11a zinali ndi mtundu wocheperako ndipo zizindikiro sizingalowetse zopinga mosavuta.

802.11a adagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) kupanga chizindikiro opanda zingwe. 802.11a idalonjezanso bandwidth yapamwamba kwambiri - yopitilira 54 Mbps. Popeza zida za 802.11a zinali zodula kwambiri panthawiyo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunali kokha kumabizinesi. 802.11b inali muyeso wofala pakati pa anthu wamba. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi kutchuka kwambiri kuposa 802.11a.

3. 802.11g

802.11g inavomerezedwa mu June 2003. Muyezowu unayesa kugwirizanitsa zopindulitsa zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi miyezo iwiri yomaliza - 802.11a & 802.11b. Chifukwa chake, 802.11g idapereka bandwidth ya 802.11a (54 Mbps). Koma idapereka mwayi wambiri pogwira ntchito pafupipafupi ngati 802.11b (2.4 GHz). Ngakhale kuti miyezo iwiri yomaliza inali yosagwirizana, 802.11g ndi yobwerera m'mbuyo yogwirizana ndi 802.11b. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma adapter opanda zingwe a 802.11b atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo ofikira 802.11g.

Uwu ndiye muyezo wotsika mtengo womwe ukugwiritsidwabe ntchito. Ngakhale imapereka zothandizira pafupifupi zida zonse zopanda zingwe zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, zili ndi vuto. Ngati pali zida zilizonse za 802.11b zolumikizidwa, netiweki yonse imatsika kuti igwirizane ndi liwiro lake. Chifukwa chake, kupatula kukhala mulingo wakale kwambiri womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiwochedwanso kwambiri.

Muyezo uwu unali wodumphadumpha wofunikira pa liwiro labwino komanso kufalikira. Iyi inali nthawi yomwe ogula adanena kuti amasangalala ma routers ndi kufalitsa bwino kuposa miyezo yam'mbuyomu.

4. 802.11n

Wotchedwanso Wi-Fi 4 ndi Wi-Fi Alliance, muyezo uwu unavomerezedwa mu October 2009. Unali muyeso woyamba womwe unagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa MIMO. MIMO imayimira Multiple Input Multiple Output . Pamakonzedwe awa, ma transmitters ndi olandila ambiri amagwira ntchito kumapeto kapena kumapeto kwa ulalo. Ichi ndi chitukuko chachikulu chifukwa simuyeneranso kudalira bandwidth yapamwamba kapena mphamvu yotumizira kuti muwonjezere deta.

Ndi 802.11n, Wi-Fi idakhala yachangu komanso yodalirika. Mwina mudamvapo mawu akuti dual-band kuchokera kwa ogulitsa LAN. Izi zikutanthauza kuti deta imaperekedwa pamafupipafupi a 2. 802.11n imagwira ntchito pa 2 ma frequency - 2.45 GHz ndi 5 GHz. 802.11n ili ndi bandwidth yongoyerekeza ya 300 Mbps. Amakhulupirira kuti kuthamanga kumatha kufika ngakhale 450 Mbps ngati 3 tinyanga tagwiritsidwa. Chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri, zida za 802.11n zimapereka mitundu yambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidali kale. 802.11 imapereka chithandizo pazida zosiyanasiyana zama netiweki opanda zingwe. Komabe, ndiyokwera mtengo kuposa 802.11g. Komanso, pogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi maukonde a 802.11b / g, pangakhale zosokoneza chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zambiri.

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5. 802.11ac

Wotulutsidwa mu 2014, uwu ndiye muyezo womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. 802.11ac idapatsidwa dzina la Wi-Fi 5 ndi Wi-Fi Alliance. Ma routers apanyumba opanda zingwe masiku ano amagwirizana ndi Wi-Fi 5 ndipo amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi 5GHz. Zimagwiritsa ntchito MIMO, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali tinyanga zambiri potumiza ndi kulandira zida. Pali zolakwika zochepa komanso liwiro lalikulu. Chapadera apa ndikuti, MIMO yogwiritsa ntchito ambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri. Mu MIMO, mitsinje yambiri imaperekedwa kwa kasitomala mmodzi. Mu MU-MIMO, mitsinje yamalo imatha kutumizidwa kwa makasitomala ambiri nthawi imodzi. Izi sizingawonjeze liwiro la kasitomala m'modzi. Koma kuchuluka kwa data pamaneti kumawonjezeka kwambiri.

Muyezowu umathandizira maulumikizidwe angapo pamagulu onse afupipafupi omwe amagwira ntchito - 2.5 GHz ndi 5 GHz. 802.11g imathandizira mitsinje inayi pomwe muyezo uwu umathandizira mpaka mitsinje 8 yosiyana ikamagwira ntchito mu bandi ya 5 GHz.

802.11ac imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotchedwa beamforming. Apa, tinyanga timatumiza mawayilesi kotero kuti amalunjikitsidwa pa chipangizo china. Muyezo uwu umathandizira mitengo ya data mpaka 3.4 Gbps. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti liwiro la deta lifike ku gigabytes. Bandiwifi yoperekedwa ili mozungulira 1300 Mbps mu gulu la 5 GHz ndi 450 Mbps mu gulu la 2.4 GHz.

Muyezo umapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amtundu komanso liwiro. Kachitidwe kake ndi kofanana ndi mawaya olumikizira. Komabe, kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito kumatha kuwoneka pamapulogalamu apamwamba a bandwidth. Komanso, ndiye mulingo wokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti ugwiritse ntchito.

Miyezo ina ya Wi-Fi

1.802.11ad

Muyezowu udakhazikitsidwa mu Disembala 2012. Ndiwofulumira kwambiri. Imagwira pa liwiro losaneneka la 6.7 Gbps. Imagwira pa 60 GHz frequency band. Choyipa chokha ndi kutalika kwake kochepa. Liwiro lomwe lanenedwali litha kutheka pokhapokha chipangizocho chili mkati mwa mtunda wa 11 mapazi kuchokera pamalo ofikira.

2. 802.11ah

802.11ah imadziwikanso kuti Wi-Fi HaLow. Inavomerezedwa mu September 2016 ndipo inatulutsidwa mu May 2017. Cholinga chake ndi kupereka muyeso wopanda zingwe womwe umasonyeza mphamvu zochepa. Amapangidwira ma netiweki a Wi-Fi omwe amapitilira kuchuluka kwa magulu anthawi zonse a 2.4 GHz ndi 5 GHz (makamaka maukonde omwe amagwira ntchito pansi pa 1 GH band). Munthawi imeneyi, kuthamanga kwa data kumatha kukwera mpaka 347 Mbps. Muyezowu umapangidwira zida zotsika mphamvu monga zida za IoT. Ndi 802.11ah, kulankhulana pamtunda wautali popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndikotheka. Amakhulupirira kuti muyezowo udzapikisana ndiukadaulo wa Bluetooth.

3. 802.11aj

Ndi mtundu wosinthidwa pang'ono wa 802.11ad standard. Amapangidwira kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo omwe amagwira ntchito mu 59-64 GHz band (makamaka China). Choncho, muyezo ulinso ndi dzina lina - China Millimeter Wave. Imagwira mu gulu la China 45 GHz koma ndi kumbuyo n'zogwirizana ndi 802.11ad.

4.802.11ak

802.11ak ikufuna kupereka chithandizo ndi maulumikizidwe amkati mkati mwa ma netiweki a 802.1q, ku zida zomwe zili ndi kuthekera kwa 802.11. Mu Novembala 2018, mulingowo unali ndi mawonekedwe okonzekera. Zimapangidwira zosangalatsa zapakhomo ndi zinthu zina zokhala ndi 802.11 ndi 802.3 Ethernet ntchito.

5.802.11ay

Muyezo wa 802.11ad uli ndi 7 Gbps. 802.11ay, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti m'badwo wotsatira 60GHz, ikufuna kukwaniritsa mpaka 20 Gbps mu 60GHz frequency band. Zolinga zowonjezera ndi - kuchuluka kwamitundu ndi kudalirika.

6. 802.11ax

Wodziwika bwino kuti Wi-Fi 6, uyu ndiye adzalowa m'malo mwa Wi-Fi 5. Ili ndi maubwino ambiri pa Wi-Fi 5, monga kukhazikika bwino m'malo odzaza anthu, kuthamanga kwambiri ngakhale zida zambiri zitalumikizidwa, kuwunikira bwino, ndi zina zambiri. … Ndi WLAN yochita bwino kwambiri. Akuyembekezeka kupereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri m'magawo owirira monga ma eyapoti. Liwiro loyerekeza ndi nthawi zosachepera 4 kuposa liwiro lapano mu Wi-Fi 5. Imagwira ntchito mofanana - 2.4 GHz ndi 5 GHz. Popeza imalonjezanso chitetezo chabwino komanso imadya mphamvu zochepa, zida zonse zopanda zingwe zamtsogolo zidzapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi Wi-Fi 6.

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Mwachidule

• Miyezo ya Wi-Fi ndi mndandanda wazinthu zamalumikizidwe opanda zingwe.
• Miyezo iyi imayambitsidwa ndi IEEE ndikutsimikiziridwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Wi-Fi Alliance.
• Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri sadziwa za izi chifukwa cha dongosolo losokoneza la mayina lomwe IEEE idatengera.
• Kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, Wi-Fi Alliance yabatizanso miyezo ya Wi-Fi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayina osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
• Ndi mulingo uliwonse watsopano, pali zina zowonjezera, kuthamanga kwabwinoko, utali wautali, ndi zina zambiri.
• Mulingo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano ndi Wi-Fi 5.

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