Kodi Router ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kodi mwawona kuthamanga kwa intaneti yanu mukalumikizidwa ndi Wi-Fi motsutsana ndi ife kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse 4G network ? Chabwino, muyenera kuthokoza rauta ya Wi-Fi chifukwa cha izi, zimapangitsa kuti kusakatula kwathu kukhale kosavuta. Kutengera dziko lomwe mukukhala, kusinthasintha kwa liwiro kumatha kuwirikiza kawiri kapena kupitilira apo. Tikukhala mu nthawi yomwe liwiro la intaneti lakwera kwambiri moti tsopano timayesa liwiro lathu la intaneti ku Gigabits kusiyana ndi kilobits zaka zingapo zapitazo. Ndizochibadwa kwa ife kuyembekezera kusintha kwa zipangizo zathu zopanda zingwe komanso kubwera kwa matekinoloje atsopano osangalatsa omwe akubwera pamsika wopanda zingwe.

Zamkatimu[ kubisa ]

• Kodi Wi-Fi Router ndi chiyani?
• Ubwino wa rauta ndi chiyani?
• Kodi ntchito za router ndi ziti?
• Kodi Routing imagwira ntchito bwanji?
• Ma routers a Wi-Fi
• Kodi Wi-Fi 6 ndi yosiyana bwanji ndi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale?
• Kodi zida zanga zakale za WI-FI zidzatani?

Kodi Wi-Fi Router ndi chiyani?

M'mawu osavuta, rauta ya Wi-Fi si kanthu koma kabokosi kakang'ono ka tinyanga tating'ono tomwe timathandizira kufalitsa intaneti mnyumba mwanu kapena muofesi.

Router ndi chipangizo cha hardware chomwe chimakhala ngati mlatho pakati pa modem ndi kompyuta. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, imayendetsa magalimoto pakati pa zida zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ndi intaneti. Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa rauta kumakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakudziwitsa zachangu kwambiri pa intaneti, kutetezedwa ku ziwopsezo za cyber, ma firewall, ndi zina zambiri.

Zili bwino ngati mulibe chidziwitso chaukadaulo cha momwe rauta imagwirira ntchito. Tiyeni timvetse kuchokera ku chitsanzo chosavuta cha momwe router imagwirira ntchito.

Mutha kukhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana monga mafoni am'manja, laputopu, mapiritsi, osindikiza, ma TV anzeru, ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi intaneti. Zidazi pamodzi zimapanga netiweki yomwe imatchedwa Local Area Network (NDI). Kukhalapo kwa zida zambiri & zambiri pa NDI kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ma bandwidth osiyanasiyana pazida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zingayambitse kuchedwa kapena kusokoneza intaneti pazida zina.

Apa ndipamene rauta imabwera pothandizira kutumiza zidziwitso pazida izi mosadukiza powongolera omwe akubwera ndi otuluka m'njira yabwino kwambiri.

Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za rauta ndikuchita ngati a Hub kapena Sinthani pakati pamakompyuta kulola kutengera kwa data ndikusamutsa pakati pawo kuti zichitike mosasunthika.

Kuti muthane ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa data yomwe ikubwera ndi yotuluka, rauta iyenera kukhala yanzeru, chifukwa chake rauta ndi kompyuta mwanjira yakeyake popeza ili ndi njira yolumikizirana. CPU & Memory, zomwe zimathandiza kuthana ndi zomwe zikubwera & zotuluka.

Router wamba imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zovuta monga

1. Kupereka chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri kuchokera pa firewall
2. Kusinthana kwa data pakati pa makompyuta kapena zida zama netiweki zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito intaneti yomweyo
3. Yambitsani kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pazida zingapo nthawi imodzi

Ubwino wa rauta ndi chiyani?

1. Amapereka mawifi othamanga kwambiri

Ma router amakono a Wi-Fi amagwiritsa ntchito zida za 3 zosanjikiza zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi 2.4 GHz mpaka 5 GHz zomwe zimathandiza popereka ma siginecha a Wi-Fi mwachangu komanso motalikirapo kuposa momwe zinalili kale.

2. Kudalirika

Router imalekanitsa maukonde okhudzidwa ndikudutsa ma data kudzera pamaneti ena omwe akugwira ntchito mwangwiro, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala gwero lodalirika.

3. Kunyamula

Router yopanda zingwe imathetsa kufunika kolumikizana ndi mawaya ndi zida potumiza ma siginecha a Wi-Fi, potero imatsimikizira kusuntha kwapamwamba kwa netiweki yazida zolumikizidwa.

Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya ma routers:

a) Wired rauta: Imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi makompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe kudzera pa doko lodzipatulira lomwe limalola rauta kugawa zambiri

b) Wireless rauta: Ndi rauta yamakono yomwe imagawa zidziwitso kudzera mu tinyanga popanda zingwe pazida zingapo zolumikizidwa ndi netiweki yapafupi.

Kuti timvetsetse momwe rauta imagwirira ntchito, choyamba tiyenera kuyang'ana zigawo zake. Zigawo zoyambira za rauta ndi:

CPU:Ndiwoyang'anira wamkulu wa rauta yemwe amatsatira malamulo a machitidwe a rauta. Zimathandizanso pakuyambitsa dongosolo, kuwongolera mawonekedwe a netiweki, ndi zina. ROM:Chokumbukira chowerengera chokha chimakhala ndi pulogalamu ya bootstrap & Mphamvu pamapulogalamu ozindikira (POST) RAM:Memory yofikira mwachisawawa imasunga matebulo oyendera ndi mafayilo osinthira omwe akuthamanga. Zomwe zili m'buku la Ram zichotsedwa pa kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa rauta. NVRAM:RAM yosasunthika imakhala ndi fayilo yoyambira. Mosiyana ndi RAM imasunga zomwe zili ngakhale rauta itazimitsa ndikuzimitsa Memory Flash:Imasunga zithunzi zamakina ogwiritsira ntchito ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati yokonzanso ROM. Network Interfaces:Ma interfaces ndi madoko olumikizira omwe amalola kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zingwe zilumikizidwe ku rauta monga ethernet, Fiber kugawa Data mawonekedwe (FDDI), Integrated services digital network (ISDN), etc. Mabasi:Basi imagwira ntchito ngati mlatho wolumikizana pakati pa CPU ndi mawonekedwe, zomwe zimathandiza kusamutsa mapaketi a data.

Kodi ntchito za router ndi ziti?

Njira

Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za rauta ndikutumiza mapaketi a data kudzera munjira yomwe yafotokozedwa patebulo lolowera.

Imagwiritsa ntchito malangizo ena omwe adakonzedweratu omwe amatchedwa njira zosasunthika zotumizira deta pakati pa maulumikizidwe obwera ndi otuluka.

Router imathanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira pomwe imatumiza mapaketi a data kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe zilili mkati mwa dongosolo.

Njira yosasunthika imapereka chitetezo chochulukirapo ku dongosololi poyerekeza ndi zosinthika popeza tebulo lamayendedwe silisintha pokhapokha wogwiritsa ntchito atasintha pamanja.

Alangizidwa: Konzani Wireless Router Imalekanitsidwa Kapena Kugwa

Kutsimikiza kwa njira

Ma routers amaganizira njira zingapo kuti akafike komwe akupita. Izi zimatchedwa kutsimikiza kwa njira. Zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimaganiziridwa pakutsimikiza njira ndi:

• Gwero lazidziwitso kapena tebulo lamayendedwe
• Mtengo wotengera njira iliyonse - metric

Kuti mudziwe njira yabwino, rauta imasaka patebulo lolowera adilesi yomwe imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi adilesi ya IP ya paketi yomwe ikupita.

Matebulo owongolera

The routing table ili ndi network intelligence layer yomwe imatsogolera rauta kutumiza mapaketi a data komwe akupita. Lili ndi maulalo a netiweki omwe amathandiza rauta kuti afikire adilesi ya IP komwe akupita m'njira yabwino kwambiri. Tabulo la mayendedwe lili ndi izi:

1. Netiweki ID - Adilesi ya IP komwe mukupita
2. Metric - njira yomwe paketi ya data iyenera kutumizidwa.
3. Hop - ndiye chipata chomwe mapaketi a data amayenera kutumizidwa kuti akafike komwe akupita.

Chitetezo

Router imapereka chitetezo chowonjezera pa intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito firewall yomwe imalepheretsa mtundu uliwonse wa cybercrime kapena kubera. Firewall ndi pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imasanthula zomwe zikubwera kuchokera m'mapaketi ndikuteteza maukonde ku cyber-attack.

Ma routers amaperekanso Virtual Private Network (VPN) zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chowonjezera pa netiweki ndikupanga kulumikizana kotetezeka.

Tebulo lotumizira

Kutumiza ndi njira yeniyeni yotumizira mapaketi a data kudutsa zigawo. Gome lolozera limathandizira kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri pomwe tebulo lotumizira limayika njirayo.

Kodi Routing imagwira ntchito bwanji?

1. Router imawerenga adilesi ya IP ya paketi ya data yomwe ikubwera
2. Kutengera ndi paketi ya data yomwe ikubwerayi, imasankha njira yoyenera pogwiritsa ntchito matebulo apanjira.
3. Mapaketi a data amatumizidwa ku adilesi yomaliza ya IP kudzera pama hops pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lotumizira.

M'mawu osavuta, mayendedwe ndi njira yotumizira mapaketi a data kuchokera komwe akupita A kupita komwe akupita B pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chofunikira m'njira yabwino.

Sinthani

Kusinthana kumagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pakugawana zambiri pazida zomwe zimalumikizidwa. Ma switch nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki akuluakulu pomwe zida zonse zolumikizidwa pamodzi zimapanga Local Area Network (LAN). Mosiyana ndi rauta, chosinthiracho chimatumiza mapaketi a data ku chipangizo china chokhazikitsidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.

Titha kumvetsetsa zambiri ndi chitsanzo chaching'ono:

Tiyerekeze kuti mukufuna kutumiza chithunzi kwa mnzanu pa WhatsApp. Mukangotumiza chithunzi cha bwenzi lanu, gwero ndi adilesi ya IP imatsimikiziridwa, ndipo chithunzicho chimasweka kukhala tizigawo ting'onoting'ono totchedwa mapaketi a data omwe amayenera kutumizidwa komwe akupita.

Router imathandiza kudziwa njira yabwino yosamutsira mapaketi a datawa kupita ku adilesi ya IP yomwe akupita pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera ndi kutumiza ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamanetiweki. Ngati njira imodzi ili yodzaza, rauta imapeza njira zina zonse zoperekera mapaketi ku adilesi ya IP komwe akupita.

Ma routers a Wi-Fi

Masiku ano, tazunguliridwa ndi malo ofikira a Wi-Fi ambiri kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse m'mbiri, onsewa akulimbikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri zomwe zimasowa deta.

Pali zizindikiro zambiri za Wi-Fi, zamphamvu ndi zofooka mofanana kuti tikadakhala ndi njira yapadera yowonera, pangakhale kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa ndege kuzungulira.

Tsopano, tikalowa m'malo ochulukirachulukira komanso ofunikira kwambiri monga ma eyapoti, malo ogulitsira khofi, zochitika, ndi zina zambiri. kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri okhala ndi zida zopanda zingwe kumawonjezeka. Anthu akamayesa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, m'pamenenso pali zovuta zambiri zomwe anthu amapeza kuti athandize kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akufuna. Izi zimachepetsa bandwidth yomwe ikupezeka kwa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito ndikuchepetsa liwiro kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta za latency.

The 802.11 banja la Wi-Fi kuyambira 1997 ndipo kusintha kulikonse kwa magwiridwe antchito ku Wi-Fi kuyambira pamenepo kwapangidwa m'magawo atatu, omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati metric yowunikiranso kuwongolerako komanso

• kusinthasintha
• mitsinje yapamalo
• kugwirizana kwa channel

Kusintha kwa mawu ndi njira yopangira mafunde a analogi kuti atumize deta, monga nyimbo iliyonse yomwe imakwera ndi kutsika mpaka ifika m'makutu mwathu (wolandira). Mafundewa amatanthauzidwa ndi pafupipafupi pomwe matalikidwe & gawolo amasinthidwa kuti awonetse zidziwitso zapadera pazomwe mukufuna. Kotero, Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi, kugwirizanitsa bwino, koma monga phokoso, pali zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tiwonjezere voliyumu ngati pali kusokoneza kwa phokoso lina ndi zizindikiro za wailesi kwa ife, khalidwe limavutika.

Mitsinje Yamalo zili ngati kukhala ndi mitsinje yambiri yamadzi yotuluka mumtsinje womwewo. Magwero a mtsinjewo angakhale amphamvu ndithu, koma mtsinje umodzi umodzi sungathe kunyamula madzi ochuluka chotero, choncho umagawanika kukhala mitsinje ingapo kuti ufikire cholinga chokumana pa malo osungira anthu wamba.

Wi-Fi imachita izi pogwiritsa ntchito tinyanga zingapo pomwe mitsinje ingapo ya data ikulumikizana ndi chipangizo chomwe mukufuna nthawi imodzi, izi zimadziwika kuti. MIMO (Zolowetsa Zambiri - Zotulutsa Zambiri)

Izi zikachitika pakati pa zolinga zingapo, zimatchedwa Multi-User(MU-MIMO), koma apa pali kugwira, chandamalecho chikuyenera kukhala chotalikirana kwambiri.

Nthawi iliyonse netiweki imayenda panjira imodzi, Kugwirizana kwa Channel sichinthu koma kuphatikiza zigawo zing'onozing'ono zafupipafupi kuti muwonjezere mphamvu pakati pa zipangizo zomwe mukufuna. Wireless Spectrum imakhala yochepa kwambiri pama frequency ndi ma tchanelo. Tsoka ilo, zida zambiri zimayenda pafupipafupi, kotero ngakhale titakulitsa kulumikizana kwa tchanelo, pangakhale zosokoneza zina zakunja zomwe zingachepetse mtundu wa chizindikirocho.

Komanso Werengani: Kodi Ndingapeze Bwanji Adilesi Ya IP ya Router Yanga?

Kodi Wi-Fi 6 ndi yosiyana bwanji ndi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale?

Mwachidule zakhala zikuyenda bwino pa liwiro, kudalirika, kukhazikika, kuchuluka kwa maulumikizidwe, komanso mphamvu zamagetsi.

Ngati tizama mozama, timayamba kuzindikira zomwe zimapangitsa Wi-Fi 6 zosunthika kwambiri ndi kuwonjezera kwa 4th metric Airtime Efficiency . Panthawi yonseyi, sitinathe kuwerengera ndalama zochepa zomwe ma frequency opanda zingwe ali. Chifukwa chake, zida zitha kudzaza ma tchanelo ambiri kapena pafupipafupi kuposa momwe zimafunikira ndikulumikizidwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe zimafunikira, m'mawu osavuta, chisokonezo chosakwanira.

Protocol ya Wi-Fi 6 (802.11 ax) imathetsa vutoli ndi OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) komwe kutumiza kwa data kumakongoletsedwa ndikuphatikizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe akufunsidwa. Izi zimaperekedwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi Access Point kuti zipereke zomwe mukufuna kulipidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito Downlink ndi Uplink MU-MIMO (ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, zolowetsa zingapo, zotulutsa zingapo) kuonjezera mphamvu ya kusamutsa deta pakati pa zipangizo. Pogwiritsa ntchito OFDMA, zida za Wi-Fi zimatha kutumiza ndi kulandira mapaketi a data pa netiweki yakomweko pa liwiro lapamwamba komanso nthawi yomweyo mofanana.

Kusamutsa kofananira kwa data kumawongolera kusamutsa kwa data pamaneti onse m'njira yabwino kwambiri popanda kutsitsa kuthamanga komwe kulipo.

Kodi zida zanga zakale za WI-FI zidzatani?

Uwu ndi mulingo watsopano wa Wi-Fi wokhazikitsidwa ndi International Wi-Fi Alliance mu Seputembala 2019. Wi-Fi 6 ndi yogwirizana m'mbuyo, koma pali zosintha zina.

Netiweki iliyonse yomwe timalumikizana nayo imayenda pa liwiro losiyana, latency, ndi bandwidth yomwe imatanthauzidwa ndi chilembo china pambuyo pake 802.11, monga 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.11n ndi 802.11ac zomwe zasokoneza ngakhale opambana aife.

Chisokonezo chonsechi chinatha ndi Wi-Fi 6, ndipo mgwirizano wa Wi-Fi unasintha msonkhano wa mayina ndi uwu. Mtundu uliwonse wa Wi-Fi izi zisanachitike zidzawerengedwa pakati pa Wi-Fi 1-5 kuti zimveke mosavuta.

Mapeto

Kumvetsetsa bwino ntchito za rauta kumatithandiza kuyang'ana ndikuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe tingakumane nazo ndi ma router athu komanso ma router a Wi-Fi. Tayika kutsindika kwambiri pa Wi-Fi 6, popeza ndiukadaulo watsopano womwe ukutuluka wopanda zingwe womwe tikuyenera kutsatira. Wi-Fi yatsala pang'ono kusokoneza zipangizo zathu zoyankhulirana komanso zinthu zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku monga firiji, makina ochapira, magalimoto, ndi zina zotero. matebulo, kutumiza, masiwichi, ma hubs, ndi zina zotero akadali lingaliro lofunikira kuseri kwa zochitika zosangalatsa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kusintha miyoyo yathu kukhala yabwino.

Aditya ndi katswiri waukadaulo wodzilimbikitsa yekha ndipo wakhala akulemba zaukadaulo kwa zaka 7 zapitazi. Amagwira ntchito pa intaneti, mafoni, Windows, mapulogalamu, ndi maupangiri amomwe mungachitire.